- Sanna Ojanperä, Neave O’Clery, and Mark Graham reviewed and synthesised key findings about the future of work focusing on three main areas: broad research findings, emerging research directions and innovative data science research directions. The research has been featured in the following articles:
- Getting to Grips with the Future of Work 12 December 2018 Forbes
- Data Science, Artificial Intelligence & The Futures of Work – Turing Institute 20 November 2018 ITC-ILO Future of Work
- Mark Graham interviewed for and quoted in The Economist: ‘‘Technology may help to revive organised labour” (Nov 15, 2018).
- Research carried out by Mark Graham together with colleagues at the OII was featured in the Financial Times: “How to manage the gig economy’s growing global jobs market” (Oct 30, 2018).
- Mark Graham interviewed for and quoted in Der Standard (one of Austria’s largest daily newspapers) about better digital work and the Fairwork Foundation: ‘‘Modelle gegen Ausbeutung der Crowdworker finden” (Oct 29, 2018).
- Mark Graham interviewed for and quoted in Weiner Zeitung (one of Austria’s largest daily newspapers) about better digital work and the Fairwork Foundation: “Bes-seres, digitales Arbeiten” (Oct 23, 2018).
- Mark Graham interviewed for and quoted in La Nación (one of Argentina’s largest daily newspapers) about the Fairwork Foundation and the gig economy: “Certificación de plataformas digitales y un nuevo contrato social, propuestas del G-20 para el futuro del trabajo” (Sept 18, 2018).
- Mark Graham interviewed for and quoted in The Atlantic “The Online Gig Economy’s ‘Race to the Bottom” (Sept 18, 2018)
- An interview with Mark Graham in New Scientist: “Will Alphabet’s internet balloons really help Puerto Rico?” (October 11, 2017).
- An interview Mark Graham did with El Pais (Spanish) on the plan to ‘uberise’ the NHS: “La ‘uberización’ del empleo llega a la Sanidad” (October 14, 2017).
- Mark Graham interviewed by CCTV (China’s state tv broadcaster) about the gig economy. Oct 5, 2017.
- Mark Graham interviewed for Bloomberg Technology piece: ‘‘Uber’s New CEO Flies to London to Fight One of Many Fires” (October 5, 2017).
- An article in the Guardian (Oct 5, 2017) co-written by Mark Graham: We’re all connected now, so why is the internet so white and western?
- Mark Graham interviewed for/quoted in MIT Technology Review (German edition) piece: ‘‘Darf ich die Dienste der Gig Economy nutzen?” (October, 2017).
- Artificial intelligence will create new kinds of work
26 Aug 2017 The Economist
Mark Graham interviewed about the globalisation of digital work. - Sanna Ojanperä, Mark Graham and colleagues from OII investigated the geographic patterns of information- and knowledge-rich content creation and found that Sub-Saharan Africa is facing a worryingly diminishing role in the world’s digital knowledge economy. The research has been featured in the following articles:
- Continent risks fading from digital knowledge economy
30 July 2017 University World News - Sub-Saharan Africa needs more than just connectivity
27 July 2017 ITWeb
- Continent risks fading from digital knowledge economy
- ‘Marginalisation’ risk for the 20% who stay offline
25 Jun 2017 The Times
Mark Graham interviewed about the risks of being disconnected
- SA scores among the highest African countries for locally sourced content
6 Jun 2017 Mail & Guardian
Our paper on language, geography, and power in Google is featured in this piece.
- Almost all internet searches in Africa bring up only results from the US and France
31 May 2017 Quartz
Our paper on language, geography, and power in Google is featured in this piece.
- Come Google sta cambiando la nostra percezione dei luoghi
11 May 2017 Vice Motherboard
Our paper on language, geography, and power in Google is featured in this piece (in Italian).
- Pour leur développement économique, la Malaisie et le Nigeria de viennent de véritables usines à clic
14 Apr 2017 Le Figaro
Some of our research featured in this piece on the online gig economy (in French).
- What the Gig Economy Looks Like Around the World
13 Apr 2017 The Atlantic
Mark Graham interviewed for an article on the gig economy and its global implications.
- Hurdles for hubs: Encouraging African entrepreneurship
6 Apr 2017 The Economist
Nicolas Friederici quoted in an article about innovation hubs and tech entrepreneurship in Africa
- A different view of mapping
Spring 2017 Stanford Social Innovation Review
Mark Graham interviewed for an article on crowdsourcing and open-source technology.
- “Gig economy” and its effects on working Africans [The Grand Angle]
4 April 2017 AfricaNews
A television interview about the implications of the gig economy for African workers.
- The global gig economy and its implications for African digital workers
27 March 2017 Intelligent CIO
Addressing the 4th UNI Africa Conference in Dakar, Senegal, Mark Graham warned of the danger of ‘parasitic capitalism’ where digital companies give little back to the places where they are embedded and platform workers are left to fend for themselves.
- The Plight of African Digital Workers in Gig Economy
26 March 2017 News Ghana
A piece about our research into the Gig Economy in Africa.
- Pay crash expected in online gig economy as millions seek work
24 March 2017 New Scientist
Mark Graham is interviewed and quoted about the global gig economy and a new report from the Oxford Internet Institute.
- The hidden dangers of the global gig economy
21 March 2017 Wired
Mark Graham is interviewed and quoted about the global gig economy and how the growth of the internet has changed the nature of labour.
- Digitale Kluft zwischen arm und reich
30 January 2017 Das Netz
Mark Graham is interviewed and quoted about Google’s responsibility for search results.
- انحيازات ويكيبيديا: هل الموسوعة «حرة»؟
15 January 2017 Manshoor.com
فكر في عدد المرات التي تستخدم فيها موسوعة ويكيبيديا بحثًا عن معلومة ما، أو متابعةً لفضولك من رابط إلى آخر حتى تنسى ما كنت تبحث عنه بدايةً. هل تبدو هذه تجارب مألوفة لك؟ الآن تخيل أنك لا تستطيع الدخول إلى ويكيبيديا أصلًا، أو أنك تستطيع الدخول إليها لكن بلغة غير لغتك الأم، أو تخيل أن ويكيبيديا بلغتك الأم ليست ثرية بما فيه الكفاية لكي تلعب دورًا مهمًا في
- Google responds on skewed Holocaust research results
20 December 2016 BBC News
Visuell aufbereitet wurden die Daten vom Projektteam von Information Geographies des Oxford Internet Institue der University of Oxford unter der Leitung von Professor Mark Graham unter Mitarbeit von Dr. Stefano De Sabbata. Das Projekt unternimmt den Versuch, die Gartografie des zeitgenössichen Wissens zu kartografieren.
- Coopératives, forces et limites
5 October 2016 Internetactu.net
Mark Graham (@geoplace), professeur de géographie d’internet à l’Oxford internet Institute et son collègue Alex Wood (@tom_swing) spécialiste des transformations du travail, ont publié une stimulante tribune de défense des coopératives et des syndicats à l’heure de l’économie collaborative.
- The Digital Gig Economy Needs Co-ops and Unions
4 October 2016 OpenDemocracy, New Thinking for the British Economy
At the University of Oxford, Mark Graham challenges the culture of the digital gig economy, where millions of people attempt to outbid one another for increasingly precarious bit-work.
- Why the Digital Gig Economy Needs Co-ops and Unions
15 September 2016 openDemocracyUK
Mark Graham and Alex Wood from the University of Oxford challenge the culture of the digital gig economy, where millions of people attempt to outbid one another for increasingly precarious bit-work.
- The Lopsided Geography of Wikipedia
21 June 2016 The Atlantic
At the University of Oxford, Mark Graham and a team of researchers have spent several years investigating just how “global” this collective intelligence [Wikipedia] really is. They’ve found all sorts of fascinating ways to track “geographies of knowledge” on the internet, including on user-generated platforms like Wikipedia.
- Digital work marketplaces impose a new balance of power
25 May 2016 New Internationalist
Mark Graham asks can we reverse the diminishing power of workers in a world of hyper-geographically mobile work? asks Mark Graham.
- Globala företag outsourcar ansvaret
18 May 2016 Ingenjören
Mark Graham är docent vid Oxford Internet Institute. Han har tillsammans med kollegor gjort en stor studie av så kallade crowdworkers, de som arbetar med uppdrag på digitala plattformar i Sydostasien och i södra Afrika. I fattiga länder lämnar sjuksköterskor och lärare sina jobb för att istället arbeta på digitala plattformar. Det är bättre betalt. Miljoner välutbildade väntar på chansen att göra minijobben som outsourcas av företag i Europa och Nordamerika.
- You probably haven’t even noticed Google’s sketchy quest to control the world’s knowledge
11 May 2016 The Washington Post
Mark Graham, a geographer at the Oxford Internet Institute, and his colleague Heather Ford analyzed, in a paper published last month in the academic volume Code and the City, how the city of Jerusalem was represented both on Wikipedia and in Google knowledge panels. They found that while Wikipedia may explain the city’s contested geopolitical status in enormous depth — as of this writing, that portion runs to almost 1,500 words — the nuance was jettisoned completely when the article was deboned and ingested by Google.
- Organising in the “digital wild west”: can strategic bottlenecks help prevent a race to the bottom for online workers?
11 May 2016 Union Solidarity International
Mark Graham of the Oxford Internet Institute discusses the atomised world of online work & points to ways in which a “race to the bottom” might be avoided.
- Sur Google Maps, on peut évaluer les centres de rétention comme des parcs
25 April 2016 Motherboard
Professeur de géographie de l’information à l’Oxford Internet Institute, Mark Graham analyse ainsi le phénomène des notes laissées aux centres de rétention sur Google Maps : “Le numérique fait entièrement partie de nos quotidiens, et donc des lieux physiques. Ces endroits sont devenus pour beaucoup d’utilisateurs et de citoyens autre chose que des constructions en dur faites de briques et de mortier ; ils sont constitués de briques et de mortier, mais aussi d’informations.”
- As More Work Moves Online, The Threat of ‘Digital Sweatshops’ Looms
22 March 2016 Motherboard
In a paper currently under review, Mark Graham, a senior research fellow at Oxford University’s Internet Institute, sets out to explore such issues and investigate both the highs and lows of digital labor—whether that be data entry or transcribing—in the context of development.
- Un estudio revela que los países más ricos del mundo imprimen más diarios
25 February 2016 La Nacion
Un estudio del Oxford Internet Institute, de la universidad de Oxford en el Reino Unido, revela que los países más ricos imprimen más diarios por persona que el resto.
- Mark Graham and colleagues from OII investigated the geographic patterns of participation in Wikipedia and found that nearly half of all edits to articles about places on Wikipedia were made by editors living in just five countries: UK, US, France, Germany, and Italy. The research has been featured in the following articles:
- Wikipedia “occidentalista”: bufera da Oxford
22 September 2015 Intelligonews - Wikipédia: comment cinq pays riches façonnent la vision du monde
22 September 2015 Citizen Post - La vision du monde propagée sur Wikipedia
21 September 2015 Libération - ويكيبديا تهيمن على عدد ليس بقليل من دول الغرب
21 September 2015 Al Ahram - Wikipedia? Un club ristretto e occidentale
21 September 2015 Business People - Wikipedia, il sapere è monopolio di 5 potenze occidentali
21 September 2015 Business and Tech - Wikipedia avrebbe una visione del mondo occidentale secondo una ricerca
21 September 2015 Hi-tech Italy - Ποιες είναι οι χώρες που καθορίζουν τα άρθρα της Wikipedia
21 September 2015 SofokleousIn - “Wikipedia troppo occidentale”, scoppia la polemica sull’enciclopedia online
21 September 2015 Mentiinformatiche - “Wikipedia: troppo occidentale”, scoppia la polemica sull’enclopedia online
20 September 2015 Leggo - Wikipedia: verso il dominio (e l’omologazione) occidentale del sapere
20 September 2015 Pontile News - Wikipedia: dominio occidentale
19 September 2015 RSI News - Why It Matters That U.S. and European Editors Dominate Wikipedia
19 September 2015 Yahoo News - Wikipedia racconta un mondo guardato con gli occhi dell’Occidente? La risposta in uno studio dell’Università di Oxford
18 September 2015 Tiscali: Tecnologia - Attenzione a Wikipedia: l’enciclopedia web scritta solo dall’Occidente
18 September 2015 Secolo d’Italia - Oxford: “Wikipedia è dominata dall’Occidente”
18 September 2015 il Giornale - Sur Wikipedia, 5 pays façonnent la vision du monde entier
18 September 2015 RSLN Mag - Pochi paesi occidentali dominano il sapere su Wikipedia
18 September 2015 Reppublica - Cinque Paesi occidentali dominano il sapere su Wikipedia
18 September 2015 Lettera - Wikipedia draagt vooral een westers wereldbeeld uit
17 September 2015 Express.be - Ποιες 5 χώρες καθορίζουν τα άρθρα της Wikipedia
17 September 2015 Lifo - ويكيبيديا: عندما يشكّل الغرب تصورك عن العالم
16 September 2015 The Huffington Post Arabi - Wikipedia nhìn thế giới qua lăng kính của các nước phương Tây
16 September 2015 Nhan Dan - Western Wikipedia editors writing history of poorer nations, study finds
16 September 2015 Siliconrepublic - Studi: Barat Monopoli Wawasan Tentang Dunia Lewat Wikipedia
16 September 2015 Suara.com - Nederland heeft meer bijgedragen aan Wikipedia dan heel Afrika
16 September 2015 Bright - Quanto è ‘filoccidentale’ Wikipedia
16 September 2015 Il Journal - Studie: Wikipedia wird vom reichen Westen dominiert
16 September 2015 derStandard.at - نظرة ويكيبيديا للعالم يكتبها الغ
15 September 2015 Al Arabiya - Wikipedia’s view of the world is written by the west
15 September 2015 The Guardian - Wikipedia world view ‘shaped by editors in the West’
15 September 2015 Phys.org - Wikipedia’s world view is skewed by rich, western voices
15 September 2015 Wired.co.uk - Wikipedia : un regard qui vient surtout de l’ouest
15 September 2015 Le Devoir - There are More Wikipedia Editors from the Netherlands than All of Africa
8 September 2015 Motherboard
- Wikipedia “occidentalista”: bufera da Oxford
- Internet. Cartographie : l’archipel de la déconnexion
16 September 2015 Courrier International
Deux chercheurs de l’université d’Oxford ont décidé de se pencher sur les pays “déconnectés” d’Internet. La carte de Ralph Straumann et Mark Graham “met en lumière un archipel de régions presque déconnectées d’Internet et donc largement tenues à l’écart de la participation aux activités culturelles, éducatives, politiques et économiques qu’il permet”, expliquent les chercheurs.
- Malay is among top 10 Internet language
12 July 2015 The Rakyat Post
Mark Graham and Matthew Zook show that Google search results and Wikipedia articles look strikingly different depending on the language used to search for content. While Malay is one of the top 10 languages used online, there is much that Malaysia can do to beef up Malay content for the benefit of the non-English speakers in the country.
- Mark Graham and Ralph Straumann have produced a map that shows the countries of the world resized by the number of internet users in 2013. The map has been featured in the following articles:
- The world’s population mapped by who is online
11 January 2016 WEF - Le taux d’accès à internet reste faible en Afrique
28 September 2015 SciDev.Net - Where the Internet Lives: This Map Shows Which Countries Have Most People Online
13 July 2015 Motherboard - Here’s what the world looks like based on numbers of Internet users
13 July 2015 Science Alert - Παγκόσμιος χάρτης δείχνει τον αριθμό των χρηστών του Internet
11 July 2015 iGuru News - La mappa di Internet nel mondo
10 July 2015 Il Post - How Many People Are On The Internet In The World? This Map Shows You, And It’s Eye-Opening
10 July 2015 The Bustle - World wide web? Map resizes countries by number of internet users
10 July 2015 The Guardian - MAP: Where people are online around the world
9 July 2015 The Washington Post - Carte : combien pèse votre pays sur Internet ?
9 July 2015 Jeune Afrique
- The world’s population mapped by who is online
- The digital language divide: How does the language you speak shape your experience of the internet?
29 May 2015 The Guardian
The relationship between language and the internet is a growing area of policy interest and academic study. The story emerging is one where language profoundly affects your experience of the internet. It guides who you speak to on social media and often how you behave in these communities. It also determines how much – if any – information you can access.
- WikiArabia, une place au soleil
27 April 2015 Wikimedia
La première conférence WikiArabia a eu lieu du 3 au 5 avril 2015 à Monastir (Tunisie). Tous les acteurs du mouvement impliqué dans cette région s’accordent sur un point : malgré la grande évolution de la Wikipedia arabe des dernières années, cela ne reflète pas complètement le véritable potentiel de la communauté arabe. Mark Graham, du Oxford Internet Institute, a pu exposer le fossé entre les contributions par pays, tout en démontrant la richesse des langues et des cultures de cette région.
- What is a knowledge economy?
16 April 2015 SciDev.Net
While most nations are chasing the elusive dream of becoming knowledge economies, many developing countries are hampered by poor connectivity, illiteracy, and lack of trust. Mark Graham comments on the obstacles to the development of knowledge economies in Africa and suggests that African companies should focus on local markets.
- Ten years of Google Maps
11 February 2015 Guardian Podcast
Mark Graham discusses how the geographies of the internet have reconfigured how people engage with the city.
- Cracks in the digital map: what the ‘geoweb’ gets wrong about real streets
8 January 2015 The Guardian
The geoweb is supplanting traditional guides and maps but it is an imperfect reflection of a commercial landscape. Mark Graham says that every map tells a story from a particular perspective.
- 25 maps and charts on language
17 November 2014 Vox
Vox features the map by Mark Graham et al. showing the language in which the plurality of Wikipedia articles are written about particular countries. It shows that English is the major language even for articles about non Anglophone countries.
- 2.5% of the world is responsible for more than 50% of Wikipedia articles
11 November 2014 The Washington Post
The information geographies project shows the majority of Wikipedia content is about 2.5% of the world’s land area whilst the whole continent of Africa only has around 2.6% geotagged articles.
- Why you probably won’t understand the web of the future
6 November 2014 Quartz
Although less than 5% percent of the world uses English as a first language, it dominates the web. Organisations like Google, Facebook and Mozilla are taking steps to address language issues.. Mark Graham’s map and comments feature.
- Map Shows The World’s Internet Population
23 September 2014 Huffington Post Tech
The map of the world demonstrating internet population and penetration created by Mark Graham and colleagues is featured in Huffington Post.
- The world wide SPREAD: Map reveals the extent of internet use around the globe – and the countries that are still not online
22 September 2014 Daily Mail
The map of global use of websites created by Mark Graham and Stefano De Sabbata is reported in the Daily Mail. The data visualisation shows each country sized according to its internet-enable population.
- Wikipedia’s geography problem: There are more articles about Antarctica than Egypt
14 September 2014 Vox
The distortions of global online representation is demonstrated with Mark Graham’s map of the under-representation of Africa, Asia and South America in Wikipedia coverage worldwide.
- Why Global Contributions To Wikipedia Are So Unequal
9 September 2014 Science 2.0
Mark Graham’s article, first published in The Conversation, on global inequalities in Wikipedia is reproduced in Science 2.0.
- Why global contributions to Wikipedia are so unequal
8 September 2014 The Conversation
Mark Graham authors an article explaining why the unequal global representation in Wikipedia matters and why it impedes Wikiepedia’s aim to be the ‘sum of all human knowledge’.
- Geotagging reveals Wikipedia is not quite so equal after all
18 August 2014 The Conversation
Rather than being an equaliser, Wikipedia may be reproducing an established world view. Mark Graham writes about his work on inequalities in Wikipedia. For example, he says, the Middle East is massively underrepresented.
- Geotagging reveals Wikipedia is not quite so equal after all
18 August 2014 New Statesman
Rather than being an equaliser, Wikipedia may be reproducing an established world view. Mark Graham writes about his work on inequalities in Wikipedia. For example, he says, the Middle East is massively underrepresented.
- What was the last book you read? Wikipedia wants to know
13 August 2014 The National Opinion
The interactive map of Wikipedia created by Mark Graham and colleagues is used to demonstrate inequalities in representation on Wikipedia.
- Infographic: A freelance working week revealed
24 April 2014 Wired.co.uk
Wired.co.uk reports on Mark Graham’s work on mapping patterns of work as part of a project on virtual labour. He will be visiting eight countries in Asia and Africa over two years to carry out the essential field work.
- London Underground map depicts Internet’s backbone
3 April 2014 ITV
London Underground’s iconic map design has been used by researchers at Oxford University to explain the Internet’s complex network of submarine fiber optic cables.
- The Tube-Style Map Of The Internet’s Backbone
2 April 2014 Sky News
The fibre-optic cables that criss-cross the globe have been visualised by the OII’s Stefano De Sabbata and Mark Graham.
- Interactive: which countries have the most Google search results?
18 March 2014 The Guardian
Does the number of pages returned by Google tie up closely with the size of a country’s population? The OII’s work on Internet geographies is featured.
- Why the wealthiest countries are also the most open with their data14 March 2014 Washington Post
Coverage of an OII visualization of the state of open data in 70 countries around the world, showing a prominent global “openness divide”.
- Internet : à quel point votre pays est-il connu sur Google?
14 March 2014 Jeune Afrique
Coverage of OII work on the geographies of information.